1. Open the application and start a chat with a certified vet.
2. Talk to the vet regarding the concern that is faced by your little one or have a regular chat about your pet’s health 
3. You will be presented with a personalized plan for your pet as soon as the expert assesses your furry friend’s condition.

• Reduced stress: Pets often experience higher levels of stress and anxiety when visiting a traditional veterinary clinic due to the unfamiliar sights, sounds, and smells. CuddlyTails is an online platform that allows them to receive care from the comfort of their home environment, minimizing stress and potential complications.
• Video and photo consultation: CuddlyTails allows owners to share videos or photos of their pets, enabling the veterinarian to observe the pet’s behavior, mobility, and any potential issues in their familiar surroundings. This can provide valuable insights for diagnosis and treatment.
• Accessibility to specialists: CuddlyTails provides access to a network of specialists, who can offer expert guidance on caring for pets and addressing any unique challenges they may face.
• Personalized advice: Through consultations and detailed discussions with the owner, CuddlyTails can offer personalized advice on creating a safe and enriching environment for pets, including tips on litter box placement, feeding routines, and navigating the home.

A liver shunt, also known as a portosystemic shunt (PSS), is a condition where blood bypasses the liver and flows directly into the systemic circulation. This occurs due to an abnormal blood vessel or vessels, leading to a range of health issues. Here’s a detailed overview of liver shunt in dogs:

Overview:

1. Definition:
   • A liver shunt is an abnormal connection between the portal vein (which carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver) and the systemic venous circulation. This causes blood to bypass the liver, where it would normally be filtered and detoxified.
2. Types:
   • Congenital Shunts: Present at birth due to abnormal development of the liver or blood vessels. These are more common in certain breeds and can be further classified as:
     • Single Shunt: A single abnormal vessel.
     • Multiple Shunts: More than one abnormal vessel.
   • Acquired Shunts: Develop later in life due to conditions such as liver cirrhosis or severe liver disease that causes the formation of abnormal blood vessels. These are less common than congenital shunts.
3. Causes:
   • Genetics: Congenital shunts are often hereditary and are more common in certain breeds such as Yorkshire Terriers, Maltese, and Poodles.
   • Liver Disease: Acquired shunts can result from chronic liver disease leading to the development of abnormal blood vessels.

Symptoms:

The signs of a liver shunt can vary depending on the severity and age of the dog. Common symptoms include:

1. Neurological Signs:
   • Behavioral Changes: Confusion, disorientation, or aggression.
   • Seizures: May occur due to toxins in the bloodstream affecting brain function.
   • Depression: General lethargy or reduced activity.
2. Gastrointestinal Symptoms:
   • Vomiting: Frequent or chronic vomiting.
   • Diarrhea: Loose stools or diarrhea.
   • Loss of Appetite: Decreased interest in food.
   • Weight Loss: Unexplained loss of body weight.
3. Growth and Development Issues:
   • Stunted Growth: In young dogs, liver shunts can lead to poor growth and development.
4. Other Signs:
   • Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes.
   • Increased Thirst and Urination: Due to metabolic imbalances.
   • Abdominal Pain: Pain or swelling in the abdomen.

Diagnosis:

1. Veterinary Examination:
   • A thorough physical exam by a veterinarian to assess symptoms and overall health.
2. Blood Tests:
   • Biochemical Profile: To assess liver function and detect abnormalities.
   • Ammonia Levels: Elevated ammonia levels can indicate liver dysfunction.
   • Bile Acid Test: To evaluate liver function.
3. Imaging:
   • Ultrasound: To visualize the liver and blood vessels, and identify abnormal shunts.
   • CT Scan or MRI: May be used for detailed imaging of the liver and blood vessels.
4. Special Tests:
   • Portovenography: A specialized imaging technique where contrast dye is used to visualize the blood vessels of the liver.
   • Liver Biopsy: Sometimes performed to assess liver tissue and rule out other conditions.

Treatment:

1. Medical Management:
   • Medications: Medications such as antibiotics (to manage infections) and lactulose (to reduce ammonia levels) may be prescribed.
   • Dietary Management: Special diets low in protein may help reduce the amount of toxins produced by the gut.
   • Supplements: Medications like SAMe (S-Adenosylmethionine) or milk thistle may support liver function.
2. Surgical Intervention:
   • Surgery: Surgical correction of the shunt may be performed if the shunt is operable. This may involve closing off the abnormal vessel or redirecting blood flow.
   • Amplatzer Device: A minimally invasive procedure where a device is placed to close the shunt.
3. Supportive Care:
   • Regular Monitoring: Follow-up visits to monitor liver function and adjust treatment as needed.
   • Management of Complications: Addressing any secondary issues such as infections or metabolic imbalances.

Prevention:

1. Genetic Screening:
   • For breeds predisposed to congenital shunts, responsible breeding practices and genetic screening can help reduce the incidence.
2. Early Detection:
   • Regular veterinary check-ups can help detect liver shunts early, especially in breeds at higher risk.
3. Diet and Health Management:
   • Providing a balanced diet and managing overall health to support liver function.

Prognosis:

1. With Surgery:
   • Surgical correction of a liver shunt often results in significant improvement in symptoms and quality of life. The prognosis is generally favorable with appropriate treatment and management.
2. Without Surgery:
   • Management with medication and diet can help control symptoms and improve quality of life, but the prognosis may be less favorable compared to surgical correction.
3. Chronic Management:
   • Lifelong management may be required to address ongoing symptoms and support liver function.

Summary:

A liver shunt in dogs is an abnormal blood vessel that causes blood to bypass the liver, leading to a range of health issues including neurological symptoms, gastrointestinal problems, and growth issues. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, blood tests, and imaging techniques. Treatment options include medical management, dietary changes, and surgical intervention. With prompt and appropriate treatment, many dogs with liver shunts can lead healthy, comfortable lives. Regular veterinary care and early detection are key to managing this condition effectively.